(Pfupiso tsananguro)Pakati pevashandisi vanoshandisa hombe - dhayamita eglobe mavharuvhu muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Pakati pevashandisi vanoshandisa hombe - dhayamita eglobhu mavharuvhu muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vanhu vanowanzo taura dambudziko, kureva kuti, hombe - dhayamita eglobhu mavharuvhu anowanzo kunetsa kuvhara kana achishandiswa munhau ane misiyano yakakura yekumanikidza, senge chiputi uye yakakwirira. - pressure water. Pakati pevashandisi vanoshandisa hombe - dhayamita yekumisa mavharuvhu zuva nezuva, vanhu vanowanzo taura dambudziko, kureva kuti, hombe - dhayamita yekumisa mavharuvhu anowanzo kunetsa kuvhara kana achishandiswa munhau nemusiyano wakakura wekumanikidza, senge steam. uye high-pressure mvura. Nzira yekuvhara nayo nesimba, inogara ichionekwa kuti pachava nekuputika, uye zvakaoma kuvhara. Chikonzero chedambudziko iri chinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwevhavha uye kushomeka kwevanhu vanogumira padanho rekubuda torque.
Ongororo yezvikonzero zvekunetsa kwekuvhura nekuvhara hombe-caliber mavharuvhu
Simba rekupedzisira rakachinjika rekubuda remunhu mukuru ari pakati nepakati i60-90kg, zvichienderana nemuviri wakasiyana.
Kazhinji, mafambiro ekuyerera kwevhavha yekuvhara - off yakagadzirirwa kuva yakaderera mukati uye kumusoro kunze. Kana munhu avhara vharuvhu, muviri wemunhu unosundidzira vhiri reruoko rakachinjika kufambisa dhisiki revhavha pasi kuti rivhare. Panguva ino, musanganiswa wemasimba matatu anoda kukundwa, anoti:
1) Axial kukanda Fa;
2) Kupokana pakati pekurongedza uye vharafu hunde Fb;
3) Bata friction Fc pakati pevharuvhu stem uye valve core
Huwandu hwenguva ∑M=(Fa+Fb+Fc)R
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti yakakura iyo dhayamita yekubuda, yakakura iyo axial thrust simba. Kana iri pedyo nenzvimbo yakavharwa, iyo axial thrust force inenge iri pedyo nekumanikidzika kwepombi network (nekuda kweP1 - P2≈P1, P2 = 0)
Semuenzaniso, kana DN200 yekumisa vharafu ikashandiswa pa 10bar chiutsi pombi, chinhu chekutanga chete chinovhara axial pushing force Fa=10×πr2=3140kg, uye yakachinjika circumferential force inodiwa pakuvhara iri padhuze nehorizontal circumferential kubuda kwe muviri wemunhuwose. Muganhu wesimba, saka zvakaoma zvikuru kuti munhu mumwe avhare zvachose valve pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
Zvechokwadi, mamwe mafekitari anoratidza kuti mavharuvhu akadaro anofanirwa kuiswa kune reverse direction, iyo inogadzirisa dambudziko rekuoma kwekuvhara, asi dambudziko rekuoma kwekuvhura mushure mekuvharwa rakabuda.
Ongororo yezvikonzero nei mahombe - dhayamita eglobhu mavharuvhu achiwanzo pinda mukati
Mavharuvhu
1) Kazhinji, mutsauko wekudzvanya pakubuda kwebhailer wakakura, saka mwero wekuyerera kwemuputi wakakurawo, uye kukukurwa uye kukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yekuvharisa kwakakurawo. Uye zvakare, iyo boiler yekupisa inoshanda haigone kuita 100%, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuti mhepo inobuda mubhailer ive nehuwandu hwemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera cavitation uye cavitation kukuvadzwa kwevhavha sealing surface.
2) Yevhavha yekuvhara padhuze nekubuda kwebhailer uye sub - cylinder, nekuti chiutsi chiri kungobuda mubhailer chine chinopisa chinopisa chiitiko, mukati mekuita saturation, kana iyo boiler yekunyorovesa mvura kurapwa haina kunyatsonaka. , chikamu cheasidhi chichawanzonaya. Alkali zvinhu zvinokonzeresa ngura uye kukukurwa kune yakavharika pamusoro; zvimwe crystallizable zvinhu zvinogonawo kunamatira kune vharafu sealing pamusoro uye crystallize, zvichiita kuti vharafu itadze kunama zvakasimba.
3) Mavharuvhu ekupinza uye ekubuda kwemasilinda, nekuti kuwanda kwemhepo mushure mevhavha dzimwe nguva yakakura kana diki nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye zvimwe zvikonzero, zviri nyore kukonzera kupenya, cavitation uye zvimwe zviitiko kana kuyerera kunoshanduka zvakanyanya. Iyo yevhavha yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro inokonzera kukuvadza mhedzisiro senge erosion uye cavitation.
4) Kazhinji, kana pombi hombe - dhayamita yakavhurwa, pombi inoda kupiswa, uye preheating process inoda kuyerera kudiki kwemhepo kuti ipfuure, kuitira kuti pombi iite zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaenzana kupisa kune imwe dhigirii, uye iyo yekumisa vharafu inogona kuvhurwa zvizere kudzivirira kukurumidza pombi Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekupisa, kukuvadza chikamu chekubatanidza chikamu. Nekudaro, mukuita uku, kuvhurika kwevharuvhu kunowanzo kudiki kwazvo, zvichiita kuti kukukurwa kwevhu kuve kwakakura kudarika kushandiswa kwakajairwa, uye kudzikisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwebasa revhavha yekuvharisa pamusoro.
Mhinduro kune zvakaoma kuvhura uye kuvhara kwehombe - dhayamita yeglobhu mavharuvhu
1) Chekutanga, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza bhero-yakavharwa yakavharwa - yakavharwa vharafu kudzivirira kupokana kwekupokana kweiyo plunger vharafu uye kurongedza vharafu uye kuita kuti switch ive nyore.
2) Iyo yepakati pevhavha uye chigaro chinofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvine kunaka kwekukukurwa kwevhu uye kupfeka zvivakwa, seStellite cemented carbide.
3) Inokurudzirwa kutora kaviri valve flap chimiro kuti udzivise kukukurwa kwakanyanya nekuda kwekuvhura kudiki, izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwebasa uye chisimbiso chekuita. Kana yakavharwa, inogara ichionekwa kuti pachava nekudonha, uye zvakaoma kuvhara. Chikonzero chedambudziko iri chinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwevhavha uye kushomeka kwevanhu vanogumira padanho rekubuda torque.
Ongororo yezvikonzero zvekunetsa kwekuvhura nekuvhara hombe-caliber mavharuvhu
Simba rekupedzisira rakachinjika rekubuda remunhu mukuru ari pakati nepakati i60-90kg, zvichienderana nemuviri wakasiyana.
Kazhinji, mafambiro ekuyerera kwevhavha yekuvhara - off yakagadzirirwa kuva yakaderera mukati uye kumusoro kunze. Kana munhu avhara vharuvhu, muviri wemunhu unosundidzira vhiri reruoko rakachinjika kufambisa dhisiki revhavha pasi kuti rivhare. Panguva ino, musanganiswa wemasimba matatu anoda kukundwa, anoti:
1) Axial kukanda Fa;
2) Kupokana pakati pekurongedza uye vharafu hunde Fb;
3) Bata friction Fc pakati pevharuvhu stem uye valve core
Huwandu hwenguva ∑M=(Fa+Fb+Fc)R
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti yakakura iyo dhayamita yekubuda, yakakura iyo axial thrust simba. Kana iri pedyo nenzvimbo yakavharwa, iyo axial thrust force inenge iri pedyo nekumanikidzika kwepombi network (nekuda kweP1 - P2≈P1, P2 = 0)
Semuenzaniso, kana DN200 yekumisa vharafu ikashandiswa pa 10bar chiutsi pombi, chinhu chekutanga chete chinovhara axial pushing force Fa=10×πr2=3140kg, uye yakachinjika circumferential force inodiwa pakuvhara iri padhuze nehorizontal circumferential kubuda kwe muviri wemunhuwose. Muganhu wesimba, saka zvakaoma zvikuru kuti munhu mumwe avhare zvachose valve pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
Zvechokwadi, mamwe mafekitari anoratidza kuti mavharuvhu akadaro anofanirwa kuiswa kune reverse direction, iyo inogadzirisa dambudziko rekuoma kwekuvhara, asi dambudziko rekuoma kwekuvhura mushure mekuvharwa rakabuda.
Ongororo yezvikonzero nei mahombe - dhayamita eglobhu mavharuvhu achiwanzo pinda mukati
Mavharuvhu
1) Kazhinji, mutsauko wekudzvanya pakubuda kwebhailer wakakura, saka mwero wekuyerera kwemuputi wakakurawo, uye kukukurwa uye kukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yekuvharisa kwakakurawo. Uye zvakare, iyo boiler yekupisa inoshanda haigone kuita 100%, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuti mhepo inobuda mubhailer ive nehuwandu hwemvura, izvo zvinogona kukonzera cavitation uye cavitation kukuvadzwa kwevhavha sealing surface.
2) Yevhavha yekuvhara padhuze nekubuda kwebhailer uye sub - cylinder, nekuti chiutsi chiri kungobuda mubhailer chine chinopisa chinopisa chiitiko, mukati mekuita saturation, kana iyo boiler yekunyorovesa mvura kurapwa haina kunyatsonaka. , chikamu cheasidhi chichawanzonaya. Alkali zvinhu zvinokonzeresa ngura uye kukukurwa kune yakavharika pamusoro; zvimwe crystallizable zvinhu zvinogonawo kunamatira kune vharafu sealing pamusoro uye crystallize, zvichiita kuti vharafu itadze kunama zvakasimba.
3) Mavharuvhu ekupinza uye ekubuda kwemasilinda, nekuti kuwanda kwemhepo mushure mevhavha dzimwe nguva yakakura kana diki nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye zvimwe zvikonzero, zviri nyore kukonzera kupenya, cavitation uye zvimwe zviitiko kana kuyerera kunoshanduka zvakanyanya. Iyo yevhavha yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro inokonzera kukuvadza mhedzisiro senge erosion uye cavitation.
4) Kazhinji, kana pombi hombe - dhayamita yakavhurwa, pombi inoda kupiswa, uye preheating process inoda kuyerera kudiki kwemhepo kuti ipfuure, kuitira kuti pombi iite zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakaenzana kupisa kune imwe dhigirii, uye iyo yekumisa vharafu inogona kuvhurwa zvizere kudzivirira kukurumidza pombi Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekupisa, kukuvadza chikamu chekubatanidza chikamu. Nekudaro, mukuita uku, kuvhurika kwevharuvhu kunowanzo kudiki kwazvo, zvichiita kuti kukukurwa kwevhu kuve kwakakura kudarika kushandiswa kwakajairwa, uye kudzikisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwebasa revhavha yekuvharisa pamusoro.
Mhinduro kune zvakaoma kuvhura uye kuvhara kwehombe - dhayamita yeglobhu mavharuvhu
1) Chekutanga, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza bhero-yakavharwa yakavharwa - yakavharwa vharafu kudzivirira kupokana kwekupokana kweiyo plunger vharafu uye kurongedza vharafu uye kuita kuti switch ive nyore.
2) Iyo yepakati pevhavha uye chigaro chinofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvine kunaka kwekukukurwa kwevhu uye kupfeka zvivakwa, seStellite cemented carbide.
3) Inokurudzirwa kutora kaviri valve flap chimiro kuti udzivise kukukurwa kwakanyanya nekuda kwekuvhura kudiki, izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwebasa uye chisimbiso chekuita.
Nguva yekutumira: 2020-11-10 00:00:00