(Kufotokozera mwachidule)Pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve akulu - diameter globe m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito mavavu akulu - mainchesi a globe m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, anthu nthawi zambiri amafotokoza vuto, ndiko kuti, mavavu akulu - mainchesi a globe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kutseka akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma TV omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kothamanga, monga nthunzi ndi kukwezeka. - kuthamanga madzi. Pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito zazikulu-mayimidwe ma valve tsiku ndi tsiku, anthu nthawi zambiri amafotokoza vuto, ndiko kuti, zazikulu-ma valve oyimitsa mainchesi nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kutseka akamagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kothamanga, monga nthunzi. ndi mkulu-madzi amphamvu. Momwe mungatsekere mwamphamvu, nthawi zonse zimapezeka kuti padzakhala kutayikira, ndipo n'zovuta kutseka. Chifukwa cha vutoli chimayamba chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka valavu komanso kusowa kwa torque yotulutsa malire amunthu.
Kusanthula kwazifukwa zazovuta zotsegula ndi kutseka zazikulu-mavavu a caliber
Mphamvu yopingasa yomaliza ya munthu wamkulu ndi 60-90kg, kutengera matupi osiyanasiyana.
Kawirikawiri, kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka valve shut-off amapangidwa kuti akhale otsika komanso okwera kunja. Munthu akatseka valavu, thupi la munthu limakankhira gudumu lamanja mozungulira kuti asunthire valavu pansi kuti atseke. Panthawiyi, kuphatikiza mphamvu zitatu ziyenera kugonjetsedwa, zomwe ndi:
1) Axial kukankha Fa;
2) Kukangana pakati pa kulongedza ndi valve tsinde Fb;
3) Kulumikizana kwa Fc pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi valavu
Nthawi zonse ndi ∑M=(Fa+Fb+Fc)R
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kukula kwake komwe kumatuluka, kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya axial thrust. Pamene ili pafupi ndi malo otsekedwa, mphamvu ya axial thrust ili pafupi ndi kuthamanga kwenikweni kwa netiweki ya chitoliro (chifukwa cha P1 - P2≈P1, P2=0)
Mwachitsanzo, ngati valavu yoyimitsa ya DN200 ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitoliro cha nthunzi cha 10bar, chinthu choyamba chokha chimatseka mphamvu ya axial kukankhira Fa = 10 × πr2 = 3140kg, ndipo mphamvu yopingasa yozungulira yofunikira kuti itseke ili pafupi ndi kutulutsa kozungulira kozungulira kwa thupi la munthu wabwinobwino. Malire a mphamvu, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu mmodzi atseke kwathunthu valavu pansi pazimenezi.
Zoonadi, mafakitale ena amanena kuti ma valve oterowo ayenera kuikidwa kumbali yakumbuyo, yomwe imathetsa vuto la kutsekeka kwazovuta, koma vuto lazovuta kutsegula pambuyo potsekedwa.
Kusanthula kwazifukwa zomwe mavavu akulu - mainchesi a globe amakonda kutayikira mkati
Mavavu akulu-m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira boiler, masilinda akulu, mapaipi akulu ndi zina zotere. Malowa ali ndi mavuto awa:
1) Nthawi zambiri, kusiyana kwapanikiza komwe kumachokera ku boiler kumakhala kokulirapo, motero kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kumakhalanso kokulirapo, ndipo kukokoloka ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo osindikizira ndikokulirapo. Kuonjezera apo, kuyaka kwamoto kwa boiler sikungakhale 100%, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti nthunzi yotuluka mu boiler ikhale ndi madzi ambiri, zomwe zingayambitse cavitation ndi cavitation kuwonongeka kwa valve yosindikiza pamwamba.
2) Kwa valavu yotsekera pafupi ndi kutulutsa kwa boiler ndi sub-silinda, chifukwa nthunzi yomwe ikutuluka mu boiler imakhala ndi chodabwitsa chapakatikati, pakukhutitsidwa, ngati chithandizo chofewetsa chamadzi chowotcha sichili chabwino kwambiri. , mbali ya asidiyo nthawi zambiri imagwa. Zinthu za alkali zidzachititsa dzimbiri ndi kukokoloka kwa malo osindikizira; zinthu zina zonyezimira zimatha kumamatira pamwamba pa valavu yosindikizira ndikuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu isatseke mwamphamvu.
3) Ma valve olowera ndi otuluka a ma cylinders, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi pambuyo pa valavu nthawi zina kumakhala kwakukulu kapena kochepa chifukwa cha zofunikira zopangira ndi zifukwa zina, n'zosavuta kuyambitsa kung'anima, cavitation ndi zochitika zina pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi kumasintha kwambiri. Kusindikiza kwa valve kumayambitsa zowononga monga kukokoloka ndi cavitation.
4) Nthawi zambiri, pamene payipi yaikulu - m'mimba mwake imatsegulidwa, payipi iyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo kutentha kwa preheating kumafuna kuti mpweya udutse pang'ono, kotero kuti payipi imatenthedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mofanana. valavu yoyimitsa imatha kutsegulidwa kwathunthu kuti musapewe mapaipi othamanga Kukula kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha, kuwononga gawo la gawo lolumikizira. Komabe, pochita izi, kutsegula kwa valve nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwombankhanga chikhale chachikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa malo osindikizira a valve.
Mayankho ovutira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa mavavu akulu - m'mimba mwake
1) Choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha vuvu-lotsekedwa lotsekera - valavu yotseka kuti mupewe kukaniza kwa valavu ya plunger ndi valavu yonyamula ndikupangitsa kusinthako kukhala kosavuta.
2) Pachimake valavu ndi mpando ayenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zabwino kukokoloka kukana ndi kuvala katundu, monga Stellite simenti carbide.
3) Ndikofunikira kutengera mawonekedwe a ma valve awiri kuti apewe kukokoloka kwakukulu chifukwa cha kutseguka kwakung'ono, komwe kungakhudze moyo wautumiki ndi kusindikiza. Akatsekedwa, nthawi zonse amapezeka kuti padzakhala kutayikira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kutseka. Chifukwa cha vutoli chimayamba chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka valavu komanso kusowa kwa torque yotulutsa malire amunthu.
Kusanthula kwazifukwa zazovuta zotsegula ndi kutseka zazikulu-mavavu a caliber
Mphamvu yopingasa yomaliza ya munthu wamkulu ndi 60-90kg, kutengera matupi osiyanasiyana.
Kawirikawiri, kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka valve shut-off amapangidwa kuti akhale otsika komanso okwera kunja. Munthu akatseka valavu, thupi la munthu limakankhira gudumu lamanja mozungulira kuti asunthire valavu pansi kuti atseke. Panthawiyi, kuphatikiza mphamvu zitatu ziyenera kugonjetsedwa, zomwe ndi:
1) Axial kukankha Fa;
2) Kukangana pakati pa kulongedza ndi valve tsinde Fb;
3) Kulumikizana kwa Fc pakati pa tsinde la valve ndi valavu
Nthawi zonse ndi ∑M=(Fa+Fb+Fc)R
Zitha kuwoneka kuti kukula kwake komwe kumatuluka, kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya axial thrust. Pamene ili pafupi ndi malo otsekedwa, mphamvu ya axial thrust ili pafupi ndi kuthamanga kwenikweni kwa netiweki ya chitoliro (chifukwa cha P1 - P2≈P1, P2=0)
Mwachitsanzo, ngati valavu yoyimitsa ya DN200 ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitoliro cha nthunzi cha 10bar, chinthu choyamba chokha chimatseka mphamvu ya axial kukankhira Fa = 10 × πr2 = 3140kg, ndipo mphamvu yopingasa yozungulira yofunikira kuti itseke ili pafupi ndi kutulutsa kozungulira kozungulira kwa thupi la munthu wabwinobwino. Malire a mphamvu, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu mmodzi atseke kwathunthu valavu pansi pazimenezi.
Zoonadi, mafakitale ena amanena kuti ma valve oterowo ayenera kuikidwa kumbali yakumbuyo, yomwe imathetsa vuto la kutsekeka kwazovuta, koma vuto lazovuta kutsegula pambuyo potsekedwa.
Kusanthula kwazifukwa zomwe mavavu akulu - mainchesi a globe amakonda kutayikira mkati
Mavavu akulu-m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira boiler, masilinda akulu, mapaipi akulu ndi zina zotere. Malowa ali ndi mavuto awa:
1) Nthawi zambiri, kusiyana kwapanikiza komwe kumachokera ku boiler kumakhala kokulirapo, motero kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kumakhalanso kokulirapo, ndipo kukokoloka ndi kuwonongeka kwa malo osindikizira ndikokulirapo. Kuonjezera apo, kuyaka kwamoto kwa boiler sikungakhale 100%, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti nthunzi yotuluka mu boiler ikhale ndi madzi ambiri, zomwe zingayambitse cavitation ndi cavitation kuwonongeka kwa valve yosindikiza pamwamba.
2) Kwa valavu yotsekera pafupi ndi kutulutsa kwa boiler ndi sub-silinda, chifukwa nthunzi yomwe ikutuluka mu boiler imakhala ndi chodabwitsa chapakatikati, pakukhutitsidwa, ngati chithandizo chofewetsa chamadzi chowotcha sichili chabwino kwambiri. , mbali ya asidiyo nthawi zambiri imagwa. Zinthu za alkali zidzachititsa dzimbiri ndi kukokoloka kwa malo osindikizira; zinthu zina zonyezimira zimatha kumamatira pamwamba pa valavu yosindikizira ndikuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu isatseke mwamphamvu.
3) Ma valve olowera ndi otuluka a ma cylinders, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi pambuyo pa valavu nthawi zina kumakhala kwakukulu kapena kochepa chifukwa cha zofunikira zopangira ndi zifukwa zina, n'zosavuta kuyambitsa kung'anima, cavitation ndi zochitika zina pamene kuthamanga kwa magazi kumasintha kwambiri. Kusindikiza kwa valve kumayambitsa zowononga monga kukokoloka ndi cavitation.
4) Nthawi zambiri, pamene payipi yaikulu - m'mimba mwake imatsegulidwa, payipi iyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo kutentha kwa preheating kumafuna kuti mpweya udutse pang'ono, kotero kuti payipi imatenthedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mofanana. valavu yoyimitsa imatha kutsegulidwa kwathunthu kuti musapewe mapaipi othamanga Kukula kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha, kuwononga gawo la gawo lolumikizira. Komabe, pochita izi, kutsegula kwa valve nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwombankhanga chikhale chachikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa malo osindikizira a valve.
Mayankho ovutira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa mavavu akulu - m'mimba mwake
1) Choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha vuvu-lotsekedwa lotsekera - valavu yotseka kuti mupewe kukaniza kwa valavu ya plunger ndi valavu yonyamula ndikupangitsa kusinthako kukhala kosavuta.
2) Pachimake valavu ndi mpando ayenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zabwino kukokoloka kukana ndi kuvala katundu, monga Stellite simenti carbide.
3) Ndikofunikira kutengera mawonekedwe a ma valve awiri kuti apewe kukokoloka kwakukulu chifukwa cha kutseguka kwakung'ono, komwe kungakhudze moyo wautumiki ndi kusindikiza.
Nthawi yotumiza: 2020 - 11 - 10:00:00